60 ways Australian employers ask about your right to work
澳洲雇主问工作权，有 60 种问法
We read the application forms behind 331 Australian job postings on 37 public Greenhouse job boards. Work rights is asked 60 different ways. 48 of those 60 wordings contain no option that describes a temporary graduate visa.
我们读了 37 个公开 Greenhouse 招聘板上 331 个澳洲岗位背后的申请表。工作权这道题一共有 60 种问法，其中 48 种的选项里没有任何一项能描述临时毕业生签证。
What we found
我们发现了什么
- 280of 331 forms (84.6%) ask you to declare work rights, visa status or sponsorship needs份表单（共 331 份，84.6%）要求你申报工作权、签证状态或是否需要担保
- 277of those make it a required field — you cannot submit without answering份把它设成必填——不答就交不出去
- 270present it as a fixed-option dropdown or radio group, not free text份把它做成固定选项的下拉或单选，不是自由填写
- 213of those 270 (78.9%) offer no option describing a temporary graduate visa份（占 270 份的 78.9%）的选项里没有一项能描述临时毕业生签证
- 175of those 270 (64.8%) offer only Yes or No份（占 270 份的 64.8%）只给 Yes / No 两个格子
- 60distinct question wordings in total — 12 include a temporary-visa option, 48 do not种不同问法——12 种给临时签证留了选项，48 种没有
The most common wording, and why it has no true answer
最常见的那一道，以及它为什么没有真话可选
One wording appears in 30 of the 331 forms, required in every one of them:
有一种问法出现在 331 份里的 30 份，而且每一份都是必填：
All 60 wordings, verbatim
60 种问法，逐字
Question text and option lists exactly as the Greenhouse API returns them, including the employers' own typos. Sorted by how many forms each appears in.
题干与选项完全是 Greenhouse 接口返回的原文，包括雇主自己的拼写错误。按出现的表单数排序。
| FORMS表单数 | QUESTION题干 | OPTIONS选项 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | Will you now or in the future require sponsorship for work authorization? (This information will not be used in assessing your qualifications for any position.) | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 20 | Will you require sponsorship if you join Remote? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 19 | Are you legally authorized to work in the country in which you are applying? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 19 | Do you now or will you in the future need sponsorship for employment visa status in the country in which you are applying? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 17 | Could you kindly let us know what your current visa status/work rights are? This will help us better understand your eligibility for this role | Australian Citizen | Permanent Resident | 482 Temporary Skills Shortage Visa | 485 Temporary Graduate Visa | 820 Partner Visa | Working Holiday Visa | Student Visa | Other | 485-ready |
| 16 | Do you now, or will you in the future, require sponsorship for employment visa status to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 15 | Do you currently have the right to work in Australia? | Yes, I am a resident or citizen | Yes, I have a current working visa and do not require sponsorship | Yes, but I will require sponsorship to transfer my working visa | No, I will require sponsorship and a working visa | no temp visa |
| 15 | Do you now, or will you in the future, require visa sponsorship to work at Culture Amp in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 13 | Which of the following best describes your working rights? | Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident | Australian Citizen or Permanent Resident | United States Citizen or Permanent Resident | Valid visa with full working rights in Australia | Valid visa with restricted/temporary working rights in Australia | I require employer sponsorship in Singapore | I require employer sponsorship in Australia | I require employer sponsorship in USA | 485-ready |
| 12 | Will you now or in the future require employment sponsorship? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 11 | Are you legally authorised to work full-time in the country where this job is based? | Yes, no restriction. | Yes, but I will need sponsorship in the future. | No, I need sponsorship now. | no temp visa |
| 10 | Will you require Stripe to sponsor you for a work permit now or in the future for the location(s) you selected in in your previous response? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 10 | Do you currently have full working rights in Australia? If applicable, please select your visa type or work authorisation status: | Australian Citizen | Permanent Resident | New Zealand Citizen | New Zealand Resident | Unlimited Work Visa (subclass 820 - Partner Visa) | Working Holiday Visa (subclass 417) | Temporary Work Visa (subclass 482) | Temporary Work Visa (subclass 485 - Graduate) | Temporary Work Visa (subclass 500 - Student) | Other Temporary Work Visa | Overseas candidate - requires business sponsorship | 485-ready |
| 9 | Are you legally authorized to work in the country you reside? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 9 | Will you now or in the future require Visa Sponsorship? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 8 | Do you have the legal right to work in the country where you are applying to work? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 7 | Do you require visa sponsorship? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 7 | Will you now or will you in the future require employment visa sponsorship to work in the country in which the job you're applying for is located? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 6 | Will you now or in the future require sponsorship for a visa to remain in your current location? | No | Yes, Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant Visa | Yes, Ireland Highly Skilled Worker Visa | Yes, EU Blue Card | Yes, USMCA Professional (TN) Visa (USA) | Yes, F-1 Visa OPT (USA) | Yes, but not one of the visas listed here | no temp visa |
| 6 | Please describe your right to work in Australia | I am an Australian/New Zealand Citizen | I am a Permanent Resident | I have a valid visa with no work restrictions | I require visa sponsorship | no temp visa |
| 5 | Do you now or will you in the future require immigration sponsorship for work authorization? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 5 | Could you kindly let us know what your current visa status/work rights are? This will help us better understand your eligibility for this role | Australian Citizen | Permanent Resident/NZ Citizen | 482 Temporary Skills Shortage Visa | 485 Temporary Graduate Visa | 820 Partner Visa | Working Holiday Visa | Student Visa | Bridging Visa | Other | 485-ready |
| 5 | Which of the following best describes your working rights? | Australian Citizen or Permanent Resident | Valid visa with full working rights in Australia | Valid visa with restricted/temporary working rights in Australia | I require employer sponsorship in Australia | 485-ready |
| 5 | Do you currently have the right to work Australia? | Yes, I am a resident or citizen | Yes, I have a current working visa and do not require sponsorship | Yes, but I will require sponsorship to transfer my working visa | No, I will require sponsorship and a working visa | no temp visa |
| 5 | Will you require immigration sponsorship to begin working for IMC in your preferred location? | Yes | No | Maybe/I don't know | no temp visa |
| 4 | Do you require a work permit, visa or additional right to work support for the country where you are applying to work? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 4 | Will you now or in the future require a work permit, visa or additional right to work support for the country where you are applying to work? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 3 | Will you require Elastic's sponsorship to continue or extend your work authorization status? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 3 | Will you require Visa Sponsorship now, or in the future? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 3 | Your authorization to work in the country where you live. Please choose the option that describes your work authorization. | I am authorized to work in the country due to my nationality | I am authorized to work in the country based on a valid work permit and do not need a company to sponsor my visa | I am authorized to work in the country based on a valid work permit which needs to be sponsored by the company I work for | I am not authorized to work in the country and need visa support | Other | no temp visa |
| 3 | Do you currently have the right to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 2 | Do you require employment sponsorship? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 2 | Are you legally authorized to work in the country in which this role is located? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 2 | What is the source of your right to work where this role is listed? | Citizen or permanent resident where this role is listed | Citizen of a country with an unlimited right to work where this role is listed | Valid visa with permission to work with any employer where this role is listed | I do not currently have an unlimited right to work where this role is listed and will require sponsorship | no temp visa |
| 2 | Will you now or in the future, require visa sponsorship to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 2 | What is your current right to work status? | Australian Citizen | New Zealand Citizen | Student Visa | Permanent Resident | Partner Visa | Graduate 485 Visa | No right to work - require sponsorship | Other | 485-ready |
| 2 | Will you now or ever require sponsorship to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 2 | What are your working rights for Australia? | Yes - Australian citizen | Yes - Australian Permanent Resident (Received) | Yes - New Zealand citizen | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you now, or will you in the future, require immigration sponsorship for work authorization to work in this location? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you now or in the future require visa sponsorship to continue working in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Will you now or in the future require sponsorship for employment visa status? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you currently, or will you in the future, require employer sponsorship or visa support to work in Australia?* | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Will you require visa sponsorship now or in the future? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you currently, or will you in the future, require employer sponsorship or visa support to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Are you legally authorized to work in the country where this position is located? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Will you require sponsorship for employment visa status now or in the future? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you have direct experience with completing visa/work permit applications, and in using government portals for submitting the same? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you now or in the future require sponsorship for employment visa status in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Are you legally authorized to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you require visa sponsorship to maintain a right to work in Australia? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | Do you require visa sponsorship and/or relocation support for this role? | Yes, I would require both | I would only require visa sponsorship | I would only require relocation support | No, I do not require visa sponsorship or relocation support | no temp visa |
| 1 | Please describe your right to work in Australia. | I am an Australian/New Zealand Citizen | I am a Permanent Resident of Australia | I have a valid visa with no work restrictions | I have a temporary skilled Visa (482, 491) | I have a temporary Graduate Visa (Subclass 485) | I require Company visa sponsorship | 485-ready |
| 1 | Could you kindly let us know what your current visa status/work rights are? This will help us better understand your eligibility for this role | Australian Citizen | Permanent Resident | 482 Temporary Skills Shortage Visa | 485 Temporary Graduate Visa | 820 Partner Visa | Working Holiday Visa | Student Visa | No Australian work rights | Other | 485-ready |
| 1 | Which of the following best describes your working rights? | Australian Citizen or Permanent Resident | Valid visa with full working rights in Australia | I require employer sponsorship in Australia | no temp visa |
| 1 | Which of the following best describes your working rights? | Australian Citizen or Permanent Resident | Singapore Citizen or Permanent Resident | United States Citizen or Permanent Resident | Valid visa with full working rights in Australia | Valid visa with restricted/temporary working rights in Australia | I require employer sponsorship in Australia | I require employer sponsorship in Singapore | I require employer sponsorship in USA | 485-ready |
| 1 | Do you currently hold full working rights in Australia or New Zealand (citizenship, permanent residency, or a visa permitting full-time work without restriction)? | Yes | No | no temp visa |
| 1 | What will be your right to work status when you commence the Grid Connection Program? | Australian Citizen | New Zealand Citizen | Student Visa | Permanent Resident | Partner Visa | Graduate 485 Visa | No right to work - require sponsorship | Other | 485-ready |
| 1 | Do you have working rights for Australia? | Yes - Australian Citizen | Yes - Australian Permanent Resident (Received) | Yes - New Zealand Citizen | Other - Australian Student Visa (Subclass 500) | Other - Temporary Graduate Visa (Subclass 485) | Other | No | 485-ready |
| 1 | Do you have working rights for Australia? | Yes - Australian Citizen | Yes - Australian Permanent Resident (Received) | Yes - Australian Permanent Resident (Applied) | Yes - New Zealand Citizen | No | Other | no temp visa |
| 1 | If you indicated you are a foreign national with an Australia working visa, please indicate which visa you hold: | 457 | 482 | 417 (6 months) | 462 (6 months) | 186 | 189 | 820 | 801 | other | 485-ready |
Counts sum to 340, not 280, because some forms carry more than one work-rights question.
各行相加为 340 而非 280，因为有些表单里不止一道工作权题。
The corpus
语料
- 37 employers · 331 Australian job postings · 152 distinct form layouts
- 37 家雇主 · 331 个澳洲岗位 · 152 套不同表单结构
- 5,467 field instances, of which 3,881 are required
- 5,467 个字段实例，其中 3,881 个必填
- 464 distinct question labels — an average of 16.5 fields per form
- 464 个不同题干——平均每份表单 16.5 个格子
Boards, with the number of Australian postings from each:
招聘板及各自的澳洲岗位数：
easygo (38) · imc (35) · block (30) · eucalyptus (24) · remotecom (20) · firmus (20) · databricks (19) · cultureamp (15) · mongodb (14) · datadog (11) · stripe (11) · hipagesgroup (10) · okta (9) · anthropic (8) · netskope (7) · gitlab (6) · smartsheet (6) · prospa (5) · figma (4) · algolia (4) · zscaler (4) · elastic (3) · vercel (3) · adyen (3) · australianenergymarketoperator (3) · twilio (2) · rubrik (2) · octopusdeploy (2) · thebrattlegroup (2) · optiverprivate (2) · akunacapital (2) · vivcourt (2) · asana (1) · grafanalabs (1) · coinbase (1) · affirm (1) · fireblocks (1)
Method
方法
Source
来源
The public Greenhouse job boards API, one request per posting: boards-api.greenhouse.io/v1/boards/{board}/jobs/{id}?questions=true. That endpoint returns the application form's structure — every field's label, its control type, whether it is required, and for choice fields the full option list, verbatim.
Greenhouse 公开招聘板 API，每个岗位一次请求：boards-api.greenhouse.io/v1/boards/{board}/jobs/{id}?questions=true。这个接口返回申请表的结构——每个字段的题干、控件类型、是否必填，以及选择题的完整选项列表，全部逐字。
Read-only. No employer application page was loaded, no field was filled, no form was submitted and no application record was created. Nothing here required an account.
只读。没有加载任何雇主的申请页面，没有填写任何字段，没有提交任何表单，没有产生任何申请记录。全程不需要账号。
Scope
范围
All postings with an Australian location on 37 Greenhouse boards, collected on 2026-08-30. Boards were included if they had at least one Australian posting on that date.
37 个 Greenhouse 招聘板上所有 location 含澳大利亚的岗位，采集日 2026-08-30。当天至少有一个澳洲岗位的板子即纳入。
What counts as a work-rights question
什么算工作权题
A field whose label matches work(ing) rights | work authori[sz]ation | work permit | right to work | legally (authorized/authorised/entitled/permitted) to work | sponsor | visa, excluding consent and verification wordings that match consent | acknowledg | do you agree | verifying | verification | background check | criminal (history/record).
题干命中 work(ing) rights | work authori[sz]ation | work permit | right to work | legally (authorized/authorised/entitled/permitted) to work | sponsor | visa 的字段，并排除命中 consent | acknowledg | do you agree | verifying | verification | background check | criminal (history/record) 的同意与核查类题干。
That exclusion matters: one employer's consent question — "Do you consent to … verifying your work rights and completing a criminal history check" — appears in 30 forms. It contains the words "work rights" but it asks for an authorisation, not a status declaration. Counting it would have inflated every figure on this page.
这条排除很关键：有一家雇主的授权题——「Do you consent to … verifying your work rights and completing a criminal history check」——出现在 30 份表单里。它含有 work rights 字样，但问的是授权，不是身份申报。算进去会让本页每一个数字都虚高。
What counts as "has a temporary-visa option"
什么算「选项里有临时签证」
At least one option text matching /485|482|500|417|462|407|408|graduate visa|temporar|student visa|working holiday|bridging|subclass/i. Deliberately generous: a wording counts as adequate if any option mentions any temporary subclass, not only 485.
至少有一个选项文本命中 /485|482|500|417|462|407|408|graduate visa|temporar|student visa|working holiday|bridging|subclass/i。这个口径故意放宽：只要有任何一个选项提到任何临时签证子类就算合格，不只限 485。
Counting rules
计数口径
- Form = one job posting's application form. Two postings with identical fields count as two forms but one layout.
- 表单 = 一个岗位的申请表。两个岗位字段完全相同，算两份表单、一套结构。
- Field instance = one field on one form. The same "First Name" on 331 forms is 331 instances, one distinct label.
- 字段实例 = 某一份表单上的某一个字段。331 份表单上的「First Name」是 331 个实例、1 个不同题干。
- Wording (variant) = a unique combination of question text and option list. The same question with a different option set counts separately, because the option set is the thing this study is about.
- 问法（variant） = 题干与选项列表的唯一组合。同一句话配不同选项算两种，因为本研究关心的正是选项。
- A form is counted once in the "no temporary-visa option" figure if any of its work-rights dropdowns lacks one.
- 一份表单只要有任意一道工作权下拉缺临时签证选项，就计入「没有临时签证选项」。
Limitations
局限
- Greenhouse only. Workday, PageUp, SmartRecruiters, Ashby, SEEK and employer-built career sites are not represented. Greenhouse skews toward technology, finance and scale-ups, so this is not a picture of the whole Australian market.
- 只有 Greenhouse。Workday、PageUp、SmartRecruiters、Ashby、SEEK 和企业自建招聘站都不在内。Greenhouse 偏向科技、金融和成长型公司，所以这不是澳洲全市场的样貌。
- A snapshot. Boards change daily. Every figure is as at 2026-08-30 and the posting IDs behind it will go stale. The method is written out so the collection can be repeated rather than trusted.
- 是一张快照。招聘板每天都在变。所有数字都以 2026-08-30 为准，背后的岗位 ID 会失效。方法写出来是为了让人可以重跑，而不是让人相信。
- Form structure, not employer intent. We measured what the form offers. We did not ask employers what they meant, and an employer whose dropdown lacks a 485 option may still hire 485 holders happily.
- 测的是表单结构，不是雇主意图。我们量的是表单给了什么选项。我们没有问雇主本意，选项里没有 485 的雇主完全可能照样乐意招 485 持有人。
- Regex, not judgement. Classification is mechanical, so it will have edge cases at the margin. The full wording list is published above precisely so you can check ours.
- 是正则，不是人工判断。分类是机械执行的，边界上一定有个案。上面把 60 种问法逐字放出来，就是为了让你能核我们的。
- We are not a neutral party. OfferGrad is building a product in this space. That is why the method, the definitions and the raw data are all here — so the numbers can be checked without taking our word for anything.
- 我们不是中立方。OfferGrad 正在做这个方向的产品。正因如此，方法、定义和原始数据全部公开——你不需要相信我们，你可以自己算。
Raw data
原始数据
Free to reuse with attribution (CC BY 4.0).
署名即可自由使用（CC BY 4.0）。
Cite this as:
引用格式：
OfferGrad (2026). How Australian employers ask about right to work: 331 application forms, 60 question wordings. Collected 2026-08-30. https://offergrad.com/research.html
Why we counted. OfferGrad automates job applications for international graduates in Australia. The visa question is the one field an automated tool must not get wrong: answer it literally and you are filtered out, answer it conveniently and the tool has lied on your behalf. We could not find published data on how the question is actually worded, so we went and read the forms.
我们为什么去数。OfferGrad 是给在澳国际毕业生做自动投递的。签证这道题是自动化工具唯一不能答错的字段：按字面答会被筛掉，按方便答就是替用户说谎。我们找不到关于这道题实际怎么问的公开数据，就自己去把表单读了一遍。
See what we're building →看看我们在做什么 →